Cloverdale Guerneville Southwest Santa Rosa Vacaville Suisun City American Canyon & Vallejo Marin City North Richmond Concord Bay Point, Pittsburg, Antioch Oakley Hayward Newark East Palo Alto Portola Valley Area and Santa Cruz Mountains Milpitas & East San José San José Gilroy
Cloverdale Guerneville Southwest Santa Rosa Vacaville Suisun City American Canyon & Vallejo Marin City North Richmond Concord Bay Point, Pittsburg, Antioch Oakley Hayward Newark East Palo Alto Portola Valley Area and Santa Cruz Mountains Milpitas & East San José San José Gilroy

Explore the
Hotspots

These Resilience Hotspots were determined through an in-depth, data-driven, and community-informed process. Both physical features and socioeconomic factors were incorporated to consider opportunities for nature to play a role in mitigating the risks of wildfire, flooding, and extreme heat.

Click on a city to learn more ⮕

San José

Why is it a Resilience Hotspot?
Extreme Heat

Overview

As the largest city in the Bay Area, San José is prone to the urban heat island effect. On Sep. 6 of 2022 San José experienced an all time high heat record of 109 degrees, and more hot days are expected with climate change. Efforts to increase tree canopy, access to parks, and the capacity of cooling centers are essential steps to mitigating the health impacts caused by extreme heat.

 

Organizations, Agencies, and Resources: 

County of Santa Clara Office of Emergency Management and Collaborating Agencies’ Disaster Relief Effort

San José list of Community Centers and Cultural Organizations

Climate Smart San José

Santa Clara Climate Collaborative

SOMOS Mayfair

Green Foothills

SURJ

Community Health Partnerships

Latinos United for a New America

East Palo Alto

Why is it a Resilience Hotspot?
FLOODING

Overview

The South Bay city of East Palo Alto has experienced the impacts of environmental racism with decades of polluting industries and toxic waste sites in close proximity to Black communities. Several environmental justice coalitions and agencies continue to improve public health and reduce environmental health to their communities, which face a growing risk of sea level rise and groundwater contamination. In 1998, floodwaters inundated nearly 1,000 homes and in 2012 San Francisquito creek overtopped its bank, which forced evacuations (KQED Source). It’s projected that ⅔ of the city may regularly experience flooding within the next decade.

 

Organizations, Agencies, and Resources: 

Climate Resilient Communities

East Palo Alto SAFER Bay Project

County Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment

Portola Valley Area and Santa Cruz Mountains

Why is it a Resilience Hotspot?
Wildfires

Overview

Portola Valley and the communities located on the eastern side of the Santa Cruz Mountains experience high wildfire risk as a result of the region’s steep slopes, vegetation, and many homes in Wildland-Urban Interface areas. The 2020 Lightning Complex fires, for example, burned over 86,000 acres across San Mateo and Santa Cruz counties and destroyed hundreds of homes and structures in the process.

 

Organizations, Agencies, and Resources: 

Portola Valley Neighbors United

Woodside-Portola Valley Fire Foundation

Paradise Valley Safety Elemental Draft

San Mateo RCD

Milpitas & East San José

Why is it a Resilience Hotspot?
Wildfires

Overview

East San José and neighboring Milpitas are urbanized areas that border the Diablo Foothills northeast of San José. Areas around Alum Rock and East Foothills in San José have some of the highest fire hazard risks partly due to the number of homes located in Wildland-urban Interface areas as well as social and economic factors that exacerbate risk.

 

Organizations, Agencies, and Resources:

Santa Clara County Firesafe Council

Green Foothills

San Jose Conservation Corps

Breathe California

Sustainable Silicon Valley

Silicon Valley Youth Climate Action

Latinos United for a New America

Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

SOMOS Mayfair

SURJ

Community Health Partnerships

Hayward

Why is it a Resilience Hotspot?
Extreme Heat
Wildfires

Overview

The inland and hillside areas of Hayward experience severe heat and wildfire risk. Heat centers open when the city of Hayward becomes hotter than 100° or above 95° for three consecutive days, but adding additional tree canopy to reduce the urban heat island effect and increasing park access can help the city adapt to rising temperatures. In addition to extreme heat, Hayward suffers fire risk on the east side of town near Fairview and Cal State East Bay. This community is also facing challenges with sea level rise, which will result in inundation, especially in the areas surrounding Ward Creek.

 

Organizations, Agencies, and Resources: 

La Familia

Hayward Urban Forest program

Alameda County Cooling Our Communities Program

TriCity Ecology

Hayward Shoreline Adaptation Plan

Oakley

Why is it a Resilience Hotspot?
FLOODING

Overview

Like its neighboring communities on the Contra Costa shoreline, Oakley is at risk of flooding from sea level rise. Because of its location at the terminus of the Sacramento Delta, Oakley is also at risk of additional flooding challenges from snowmelt run-off.

 

Organizations, Agencies, and Resources: 

Hijas Del Campo

The Delta Science Center at Big Break

Contra Costa County Climate Leaders

Bay Point, Pittsburg, Antioch

Why is it a Resilience Hotspot?
Extreme Heat
FLOODING

Overview

A historically industrial region on the north side of Contra Costa County, the cities of Bay Point, Pittsburg, and Antioch are at risk of flooding, sea level rise, and associated groundwater contamination from ongoing industrial uses. There are multiple census tracts designated as disadvantaged communities (SB 535) as a result of environmental contaminants. In addition, these communities grapple with illegal dumping along their shoreline which is a major public health concern.

 

Organizations, Agencies, and Resources: 

Envision Pittsburg

Pittsburg Hazard Mitigation Plan

East Contra Costa Fire Protection District

Sustainable Contra Costa

350 Contra Costa

Sierra Club Delta-Sierra Chapter

Marin City

Why is it a Resilience Hotspot?
Wildfires
FLOODING

Overview

With shipbuilding and war industries producing jobs in the 1940s, Marin City became home to a thriving Black population and today remains one of the most diverse parts of Marin County. Wildfire in the surrounding Marin Headlands puts the community at risk of fire and poor air quality, while sea level rise and flooding from storm runoff are also projected to increase here.

 

Organizations, Agencies, and Resources: 

Marin City Community Services District.

‘It Comes to Race’: Marin City Residents Demand Flood Protections” (KQED, 2022)

Highway 1 Resiliency Study

Marin City Climate Resilience and Health Justice

Marin City Resilient by Design Focus Area

Marin City Flood Drainage Study

Marin Climate Justice Collaborative

American Canyon & Vallejo

Why is it a Resilience Hotspot?
Sea Level Rise
FLOODING
Extreme Heat

Overview

American Canyon and Vallejo, both of which are located along the Highway 29 corridor, are at high risk of wildfire, flooding, and extreme heat. In 2021, the Newell Fire caused evacuations in American Canyon and burned over 150 acres. Most recently, both American Canyon and Vallejo were impacted by the winter 2023 flooding. And because Vallejo is the first line of defense against sea level rise in some areas, there is an urgent need for both cities to overcome jurisdictional complexity and plan for resilience together.  A multi-jurisdictional effort led by Caltrans is underway to elevate the highway and provide ecological protections to the surrounding marsh through the implementation of ecotone and horizontal levees that can combine restoration with sea level rise adaptation.

 

Organizations, Agencies, and Resources:

American Canyon Climate Action Plan

American Canyon Community & Parks Foundation

Fresh Air Vallejo
Caltrans Resilient SR 37 Project

Concord

Why is it a Resilience Hotspot?
Extreme Heat
Wildfires

Overview

Concord is facing wildfire risks in addition to the impacts of extreme heat. On an average heat day, Contra Costa County has 532 excess emergency room visits with 223 heat days between 2009 and 2018 (UCLA Heat Maps). Those numbers are expected to rise as climate change causes more extreme weather events.

 

Organizations, Agencies, and Resources: 

Concord Community Alliance

Save Mount Diablo

Concord Cooling Centers

Contra Costa Health Services

Contra Costa County Fire Protection District

Monument Impact

Vacaville

Why is it a Resilience Hotspot?
Wildfires
Extreme Heat

Overview

Located in Solano County, Vacaville is a city of roughly 100,000 residents tucked between the Vaca Mountains and Sacramento Valley. The 2020 LNU Lightening Complex Fire (which was partially fueled by the Markley Fire) blazed through Napa, Sonoma, Yolo, Lake, and Solano counties, burning 363,220 acres, destroying working lands and homes, and taking the lives of two Vacaville residents. Along with wildfire, Vacaville experiences severe risks as a result of extreme heat, which are further compounded by disproportionate pollution levels in the area as seen through CalEnviroScreen.

 

Organizations, Agencies, and Resources: 

Vacaville Reach Youth Coalition

Pleasant Valley Agricultural Associatoin’s Fire Safe Council

Vacaville Solano Services

Golden State Women in the Fire Service

Sustainable Solano’s “Neighborhood Impact and Assessment Report for Central Solano”

Guerneville

Why is it a Resilience Hotspot?
Wildfires
FLOODING

Overview

Located along the Russian River in Sonoma County, Guerneville faces routine riverine flooding. This is particularly challenging for the unhoused communities and mobile home encampments located near the Russian River. Additionally, the area experiences high wildfire risk and during the Kincade Fire of 2019, many residents had to evacuate. One year later, the LNU Lightning Complex/Walbridge Fire further impacted the community, with emergency response for vulnerable residents particularly difficult during the COVID-19 pandemic (Press Democrat).

 

Organizations, Agencies, and Resources:

Russian River Watershed Association

Safer West County (SWC)

Sonoma Ecology Center.

FIRESAFE GUERNEVILLE

Guerneville Forest Coalition

Cloverdale

Why is it a Resilience Hotspot?
Wildfires
FLOODING

Overview

Located east of the Russian River in Sonoma County, Cloverdale is facing climate threats of flooding and wildfire. Cloverdale’s communities comprise low-income residents, outdoor workers, and a higher percentage of disabled people who continue to be impacted by flooding and fire risk. After the expansive Kincade Fire in 2019 burned 77,000 acres near Cloverdale and impacted resident services, locals organized the initiative Resilient Cloverdale to help prepare for upcoming climate shocks.

 

Organizations, Agencies, and Resources: 

Resilient Cloverdale

Gilroy

Why is it a Resilience Hotspot?
Wildfires
Extreme Heat
Flooding

Overview

Gilroy is nestled in between mountain ranges and bountiful agricultural lands. Under a changing climate, the city is struggling to manage severe flooding, extreme heat and wildfire risks, resulting in property damage and economic hardship. The impacts Gilroy faces from these intersecting climate risks are exacerbated by social inequalities and pressure for sprawl development into valuable open spaces.

Focusing on innovative, forward-thinking public policy, education, nature-based infrastructure, and most importantly community action, is paramount to meet these challenges.

Gilroy

Quick Data

TOTAL Population: 58,802

Race and Ethnicity

Source: ACS, 5-year, 2017-2021

Gilroy

Quick Data Demographics

TOTAL Population: 58,802

70.7%

Single Family Homes

35.4%

Renters

50.1%

cost burdened renters
Median Household Income
$116,206

Source: ACS, 5-year, 2017-2021

Gilroy

Quick Data

1,836
acres in 100 year flood plain
pollution burden
pesticides
96th
percentile
Top 4% of all census tracts in CA for pesticides
education
95th
percentile
Top 5% of all census tracts in CA for education

Source: CalEnviroScreen 4.0; FEMA (2009)

Newark

Why is it a Resilience Hotspot?
Sea Level Rise
Flooding

Overview

In just 50 years, it is expected that the sea level will rise 66 inches in Newark, leaving residents, its vital rail industry, and existing wetlands inundated with water. Poor planning decisions are leading to development that will only exacerbate an already dire situation on the shoreline. 

Fortunately, there is still time to turn the tide in this resilience hotspot through inclusive community engagement and climate smart housing.

Newark

Quick Data

TOTAL Population: 47,815

Race and Ethnicity

Source: ACS, 5-year, 2017-2021

Newark

Quick Data Demographics

TOTAL Population: 47,815

65.7%

Single Family Homes

32.2%

RENTERS

44.8%

cost burdened renters
Median Household Income
$144,011

Source: ACS, 5-year, 2017-2021

Newark

Quick Data

4,529
Acres exposed to flooding by 2100 (84 inches)
Pollution Burden
groundwater threats
93rd
percentile
Top 7% of all census tracts in CA for groundwater threats
hazardous waste
92nd
percentile
Top 8% of all census tracts in CA for hazardous waste

Source: CalEnviroScreen 4.0; BCDC (2017)

North Richmond

Why is it a Resilience Hotspot?
Sea Level Rise
FLOODING

Overview

The unincorporated community of North Richmond has a long history of environmental advocacy as a response to decades of discriminatory land use decisions and ongoing pollution.  Sea level rise and flooding threaten to shut down vital infrastructure and expose toxic chemicals, but with early action, North Richmond has already gotten started on a collaborative design process to support nature-based infrastructure that will mitigate flood risks while also providing co-benefits to the neighboring community.

North Richmond

Quick Data

TOTAL Population: 3,928

Race and Ethnicity

Source: ACS, 5-year, 2017-2021

North Richmond

Quick Data Demographics

TOTAL Population: 3,928

78.5%

Single Family Homes

35.0%

RENTERS

50.3%

cost burdened renters
Median Household Income
$87,740

Source: ACS, 5-year, 2017-2021

North Richmond

Quick Data

266
acres exposed to floodIng by 2100 (84 inches)
pollution burden
cleanup sites
99th
percentile
Top 1% of all census tracts in CA for cleanup sites
hazardous waste
100th
percentile
Top of all census tracts in CA for hazardous waste
asthma
99th
percentile
Top 1% of all census tracts in CA for asthma

Source: CalEnviroScreen 4.0; BCDC (2017)

Southwest Santa Rosa

Why is it a Resilience Hotspot?
Wildfires
Extreme Heat

Overview

Santa Rosa broke records in 2022 when temperatures reached 115 degrees. Southwest Santa Rosa’s high share of residents working in outdoor industries and non-English speaking households are more vulnerable to negative heat-related impacts caused by extreme heat.

Investing in community spaces that provide shelter from heat and wildfire smoke, and offering culturally-appropriate resources and services, can reduce climate-related health disparities. Additionally, expanding access to parks and green spaces can reduce heat impacts while improving people’s overall quality of life.

Southwest Santa Rosa

Quick Data

TOTAL Population: 38,072

Race and Ethnicity

Source: ACS, 5-year, 2017-2021

Southwest Santa Rosa

Quick Data Demographics

TOTAL Population: 38,072

53.1%

Single Family Homes

47.5%

RENTERS

53.5%

cost burdened renters
Median Household Income
$72,296

Source: ACS, 5-year, 2017-2021

Southwest Santa Rosa

Quick Data

2,568
acres exposed to wildfire hazard
pollution burden
diesel particulate matter
96th
percentile
Top 4% of all census tracts in CA for diesel particulate matter
groundwater threats
98th
percentile
Top 2% of all census tracts in CA for groundwater threats

Source: CalEnviroScreen 4.0; CALFIRE (2007)

Suisun City

Why is it a Resilience Hotspot?
Sea Level Rise
FLOODING
Wildfires

Overview

Suisun City and the adjacent Suisun Marsh are facing major climate risks that will disproportionately impact low-income residents. Sea level rise will threaten the health and vibrancy of the existing wetlands and potentially displace thousands of households by the end of the century if no action is taken.

Through a combination of green and grey infrastructure, coupled with early planning and ongoing monitoring, Suisun City can build resilience while also supporting the ongoing health of the wetlands.

Suisun City

Quick Data

TOTAL Population: 29,436

Race and Ethnicity

Source: ACS, 5-year, 2017-2021

Suisun City

Quick Data Demographics

TOTAL Population: 29,436

78.1%

Single Family Homes

38.6%

RENTERS

48.5%

cost burdened renters
Median Household Income
$86,405

Source: ACS, 5-year, 2017-2021

Suisun City

Quick Data

702
acres exposed to floodIng by 2100 (84 inches)
pollution burden
hazardous waste
99th
percentile
Top 1% of all census tracts in CA for hazardous waste
solid waste
98th
percentile
Top 2% of all census tracts in CA for solid waste

Source: CalEnviroScreen 4.0; BCDC (2017)

Where We’re Starting

Newark in Alameda County

Turning the tide for inclusive growth and shoreline preservation. Read Community Profile

Suisun City in Solano County

Channeling community will to embrace nature-based climate solutions in an iconic marshland. Read Community Profile

North Richmond in Contra Costa County

Leveraging nature to tackle social, political, and health inequities while reducing flood risk. Read Community Profile

Gilroy in Santa Clara County

Empowering residents to advocate for resilience to wildfires, flooding, and heat. Read Community Profile

Southwest Santa Rosa in Sonoma County

Investing in equitable community leadership to build resilience to heat and wildfire risks. Read Community Profile

Our Values Driving this Work

Share Power
Share power and acknowledge unequal power dynamics through co-creation
Co-Create
Collaborate so community voices shape outcomes they want to see
Elevate Local Expertise
Elevate local context, people’s lived experiences, and expertise in resilience planning
Center Social Justice
Pursue climate resilience outcomes that also address systemic social inequalities
Make space
Make space for discussing all topics and cross-cutting solutions, not just climate and environment
Identify Nature-Based Solutions
Identify solutions with co-benefits to people, ecosystems, and long-term climate resilience needs

Bringing the Data to Life

Known for our land-use expertise and reports like At Risk: The Bay Area Greenbelt, Greenbelt Alliance has evolved our research to combine land-use data; conservation data; climate risk data for wildfires, flooding and extreme heat; indicators of the built environment; and socio-economic factors (including demographic data, environmental justice and housing history, and our original wildfire social vulnerability index. This analysis pointed us toward areas where there are lands in need of conservation and stewardship that also have potential to provide climate resilience benefits to nearby communities.

Climate adaptation and resilience must be tailored to specific communities and supported by strong local leadership. We have partnered with grassroots organizations, resident groups, city and county staff, and other key local stakeholders to develop a shared understanding of the key challenges and co-create opportunities for action and priority steps at each of our Hotspots.

Learn more about Our Methodology

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